PRACTICAL GUIDES
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Measurement uncertainty
Foundations & method choice
Define the measurand and decide how to evaluate uncertainty.
Routine data & top-down MU
Use long-term precision evidence without losing concentration dependence.
Calibration & traceability
Separate assigned-value uncertainty, local calibration and bias.
Models & propagation
Understand sensitivity, correlation, numerical propagation and Monte Carlo.
Statistics & analytical performance
Analytical performance specifications
Distinguish the quality required for an intended use from a manufacturer claim, an IQC control limit or an EQA assessment limit.
Practical statistics
SD, CV, standard error and confidence intervals: what each number means.
Verification
Understand verification and validation, and recognise what a study can and cannot establish.
Method comparison
Assess differences across the range; correlation is not agreement.
Categorical results
Separate numerical uncertainty from classification and observer agreement.
Quality in routine use
Internal quality control
Use charts and signals to support investigation and appropriate action.
External quality assessment
Interpret targets, peer groups, material behaviour and discrepancies.